Recent Advances in Spatial Self-Phase Modulation with 2D Materials and its Applications

In recent years, spatial self-phase modulation (SSPM) with two-dimensional (2D) materials has attracted the attention of many researchers as an emerging and ubiquitous nonlinear optical effect. In this review, the state of the art of 2D material-based SSPM is summarized. SSPM measures or tunes the nonlinearity of 2D materials, and it is also an effective approach to study the band structure of 2D materials. Several modified forms of SSPM, such as high-order, white-light-excited, vector field excited, and optically nonlinearly enhanced SSPM are also presented. Subsequently, the physical origin of the SSPM formation mechanism is compared and analyzed. Furthermore, the applications of SSPM with 2D materials, including passive photonic devices, generation of Bessel beams, and identifying the mode of the orbital angular momentum, are listed. Finally, several urgent problems of the SSPM with 2D materials, potential applications, and prospects for future development are presented.     

Mn2+、N2-共掺杂Zn2GeO4晶体电子结构和光学性质的研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的平面波超软赝势方法对本征Zn2GeO4，Mn2+掺杂Zn2GeO4，Mn2+/N2-共掺杂Zn2GeO4超晶胞进行了几何结构优化，计算了掺杂前后体系的晶格常数、能带结构、态密度和光学性质。结果表明，Mn离子掺入后，Mn离子3d轨道与O离子2p轨道之间有强烈的轨道杂化效应，掺杂系统不稳定，而Mn/N离子共掺后，Mn离子和N离子之间的吸引作用克服了Mn离子之间的排斥作用，能够明显地提高掺杂浓度和体系的稳定性。光学性质计算结果表明，Mn离子与N离子共掺杂能改善Zn2GeO4电子在低能区的光学跃迁特性，增强电子在可见光区的光学跃迁；吸收谱计算结果显示，Mn离子与N离子掺入后体系对低频电磁波吸收增加。     

Synthesis,crystal structure and conformational analysis of an unexpected [1,5]dithiocine product of aminopyridine and thiovanillin

The condensation reaction of 2‐mercapto‐3‐methoxybenzaldehyde with 3‐aminopyridine afforded an unexpected N‐alkylated [1,5]dithiocine instead of the N‐salicylideneaniline. The proposed mechanism for this condensation involves a strong intramolecular hydrogen bond between the thiol and the amine groups, leading to a second condensation. The corresponding product, i.e. 4,10‐dimethoxy‐13‐(pyridin‐3‐yl)‐6H,12H‐6,12‐epiminodibenzo[b,f][1,5]dithiocine methanol 0.463‐solvate, C₂₁H₁₈N₂O₂S₂·0.463CH₃OH, was characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The supramolecular structure shows π–π stacking and S…S interactions in the crystal packing. Within the asymmetric unit, two geometries of the N atom are observed. Although a planar geometry should be expected, a pyramidal one is observed due to the crystal packing. The presence of the two geometries was further supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations that show an electronic energy difference of less than 2 kJ mol^?1 between the two conformers.     

Interfacial Synthesis of a Monolayered Fluorescent Two-Dimensional Polymer through Dynamic Imine Chemistry

A fluorescent monolayered two-dimensional polymer (2DP) containing both tetraphenylethylene (TPE) and imine linkages is synthesized at air-water interface using the Langmuir-Blodgett method. We designed TPE-based monomers with long distances between the TPE and the imine linkages to avoid the charge transfer and therefore keep the fluorescence. A monolayered 2DP provided with more than 104 μm² in domain size and around 0.8 nm thickness was obtained through a successive Schiff base reaction at air-water interface. The nanostructures and fluorescent property of 2DP films were characterized by optical microscopy, SEM, TEM, AFM and fluorescence spectrum. Most importantly, the tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) was utilized here to confirm the success of the polycondensation of monolayered 2DP.     

Enhancing hydrogen evolution of MoS2 basal planes by combining single-boron catalyst and compressive strain

MoS₂ is a promising candidate for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), while its active sites are mainly distributed on the edge sites rather than the basal plane sites. Herein, a strategy to overcome the inertness of the MoS₂ basal surface and achieve high HER activity by combining single-boron catalyst and compressive strain was reported through density functional theory (DFT) computations. The ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulation on B@MoS₂ suggests high thermodynamic and kinetic stability. We found that the rather strong adsorption of hydrogen by B@MoS₂ can be alleviated by stress engineering. The optimal stress of −7% can achieve a nearly zero value of ΔG_H (~ −0.084 eV), which is close to that of the ideal Pt–SACs for HER. The novel HER activity is attributed to (i) the B– doping brings the active site to the basal plane of MoS₂ and reduces the band-gap, thereby increasing the conductivity; (ii) the compressive stress regulates the number of charge transfer between (H)–(B)–(MoS₂), weakening the adsorption energy of hydrogen on B@MoS₂. Moreover, we constructed a SiN/B@MoS₂ heterojunction, which introduces an 8.6% compressive stress for B@MoS₂ and yields an ideal ΔGH. This work provides an effective means to achieve high intrinsic HER activity for MoS₂.     

Ce掺杂CrSi2电子结构和光学性质的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算方法，对未掺杂及Ce掺杂CrSi2的电子结构和光学性质进行理论计算。计算结果表明，未掺杂CrSi2是间接带隙半导体，其禁带宽度为0.392 eV，掺杂Ce元素，仍然是间接半导体，带隙宽度下降为0.031eV。未掺杂CrSi2在费米能级附近主要由Cr-5d、Si-3p态贡献。Ce掺杂后在费米能级附近主要由Cr-5d轨道，Ce-4f轨道，C-2p，Si-3p轨道贡献，掺杂后电导率提高。未掺杂CrSi2有两个介电峰，掺杂后，只有一个介电峰。未掺杂CrSi2，在能量为6.008处吸收系数达到最大值，掺杂后在能量为5.009eV处，吸收系数达到最大值。     

密度泛函理论研究MN@H_2O (M=Ga,Ge, In,Sn, Sb; N=M,Al)团簇的特性

采用密度泛函理论的B3LYP, B3P86, B1B95, P3PW91和PBE1PBE方法结合SDD, LANL2DZ和CEP-121G基组计算了d~(10)组态二聚物MN(M=Ga, Ge, In, Sn和Sb; N=M和Al)的几何结构.采用B3P86/SDD进一步研究了MN@H_2O团簇的几何结构及吸附能.结果表明,水分子结合在二聚物M_2上时,对二聚物影响较大,对水分子自身影响较小.将M_2中Ga, Ge, In, Sn或Sb替换一个原子为Al时,水分子在GeAl和SnAl上的吸附能变化较大,而在GaAl, InAl和SbAl上吸附能变化较小.另外, H_2O吸附在Ga, Ge, In, Sn和Sb上时,与吸附在Al上时,吸附能的变化不大.     

Chemical-Reductant-Free Electrochemical Deuteration Reaction using Deuterium Oxide

We report a method for the electrochemical deuteration of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds under catalyst- and external-reductant-free conditions, with deuteration rates as high as 99 % and yields up to 91 % in 2 h. The use of graphite felt for both the cathode and the anode was key to ensuring chemoselectivity and high deuterium incorporation under neutral conditions without the need for an external reductant. This method has a number of advantages over previously reported deuteration reactions that use stoichiometric metallic reductants. Mechanistic experiments showed that O₂ evolution at the anode not only eliminates the need for an external reductant but also regulates the pH of the reaction mixture, keeping it approximately neutral.